Author: Ар (---.arco.ru)
Date: 01-18-05 16:43
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king
O.E. cyning, from P.Gmc. *kuninggaz (cf. Du. koning, O.H.G. kuning, O.N. konungr, Dan. konge, Ger. könig). Possibly related to O.E. cynn "family, race" (see kin), making a king originally a "leader of the people;" or from a related root suggesting "noble birth," making a king originally "one who descended from noble birth." The sociological and ideological implications make this a topic of much debate. Finnish kuningas "king," O.C.S. kunegu "prince" (Rus. knyaz, Boh. knez), Lith. kunigas "clergyman" are loans from Gmc. In O.E., used for names of chiefs of Anglian and Saxon tribes or clans, then of the states they founded. Also extended to British and Danish chiefs they fought. The chess piece so called from 1411; the playing card from 1563; use in checkers/draughts first recorded 1820. Applied in nature to species deemed remarkably big or dominant (e.g. king crab, 1698),
"As leon is the king of bestes." [John Gower, "Confessio Amantis," 1390]
Kingfisher (1440) was originally king's fisher, for obscure reasons. Kingdom-come "the next world" (1785) is from the Lord's Prayer. The film "King Kong" was released 1933.
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kin
O.E. cyn "family, race, kind, nature," from P.Gmc. *kunjan (cf. O.N. kyn, O.H.G. chunni, Goth. kuni "family, race," O.N. kundr "son," Ger. kind "child"), from PIE *gen- "to produce" (see genus). Kinship is a modern word, first attested 1833 in writing of Mrs. Browning.
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Nostratic etymology :
Nostratic: *kVnV
Meaning: to bear, kin
Altaic: *ki_u/ne
Uralic: kunta [1]
Indo-European: *g/ene>-
References: ND 900 *ka"n:hV 'to give birth' (?IE + Arab. kannat- 'son's wife, brother's wife'???).
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Proto-Altaic: *ki_u/ne
Meaning: person; people, country
Russian meaning: человек; народ, страна
Turkic: *Ku"n
Mongolian: *ku"g|u"n, *-m-
Tungus-Manchu: *ku"n-
Japanese: *ku/ni/
Comments: KW 249, VEWT 309 (Turk.-Mong.), АПиПЯЯ 294, TMN 3, 656-657 (with criticism). The Mong. form is somewhat difficult: one has to suppose original *ku"nu"n with velar ( > *ku"n|u"n > *ku"g|u"n) and labial ( > *ku"mu"n) assimilations.
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Indo-European etymology :
Proto-IE: *g'ene-, *g'ne:-/*g'na:-
Meaning: to give birth, to be born
Pokorny: 566
Hittite: genzu-, ginzu- n. 'Schoss; Geschlechtsteile; Liebe, Zuneigung' (Tischler 555 ff)
Old Indian: ja/nati, jajanti, aor. a/ji:janat, pf. jaja:/na, jajn~u/h., pass. ja:/yate, ptc. ja:ta/- `to generate, beget; to be born'; ja:ti- f. `birth, production'; jani/tra- n. `birthplace, origin'; jantu/- m. `child, offspring; creature'; ja/n(i)man- n. `birth, origin, generation'; janita/r- m. `progenitor, father', ja/nitri: f. `mother'; ja/nas n. `race, class of beings'; ja/na- m. `creature, man, person'; janu/s- m.n., (L.) janu-, janu:- f. `birth, production'; jn~a:ti/- m. `near relation, kinsman'
Avestan: zi:z@nti, zi:zan@nti `sie geba"ren', conj. zi:zanatt_ `sie soll geba"ren'; za:naite `sie werden geboren' (*gn:&-na:/-mi); zayeite `wird geboren'; za:ta- `geboren'; fra-zanti- `Nachkommenschaft'; za,t|a- n. `Geburt, Entstehung', za,t|ra- n. `Geburt', zantu- `Landkreis, Gau', ft. ptc. za,hyamna-; zana- `Volk, Menschrasse'; a:-zna- `angeboren, natu"rlich'
Other Iranian: NPers za:yad 'wird geboren'
Armenian: cnanim `werde geboren; erzeuge, geba"re'; cnaul/ `Erzeuger, Vater'; cin `Geburt, Ursprung'
Old Greek: gi/gnomai_ (ion. gi:/nomai_, thess., bo"ot. gi/numai_), aor. ege/nonto, gene/sthai_, tr. ge:./nasthai_, ge:.no/metha, -meno-, e/gento ; pf. ge/gona, ge/gamen, gegao:/s `geboren werde, werden, entstehen'; geneta":/ f. `Geburt'; genete:/r, gene/to:r m. `Erzeuger'; ge/nos n. `Geschlecht, Abschtammung, Familei, Gattung'; genea":/ f. `Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft'; go/no-s, gona":/ f. `Erzeugung, Nachkommenschaft, Geschlecht, Same'; gene/thla": f., ge/nethlo-n n. `Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft'; ge/nesi-s f. `Geburt, Ursprung'; ge/nna f. `Geburt, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft', gene/ta":-s m. `Erzeuger; Sohn'; gne:/sio- `von echter Abkunft, echtbu"rtig', kasi/-gne:to-s `Bruder', neo-gno/- `neugeboren'; homo/-gnio- `von gleicher Abstammung'; gno:to/-s m. `Verwandter, Bruder', gno:ta":/ f. `Verwandte, Schwester'
Vasmer: 0
Baltic: *z^|no:^-t-a-, -ia- (1) m.
Baltic etymology: 824
Germanic: *kun-d-i/- c., *kun-d-a/-/ku/n-t|-a- adj., *kun-d-a/- m., *kin-d-a/- n., *kun-ja- n., *kun-jo: f., *kun-ing-a- m., *kun-a- m., *kun-d-ia/- n.; *kan-ja- vb., *kno:-d-i/- c.
Germanic etymology: 1098
Latin: geno: (OLat), gigno:, -ere, genui:, genitum `erzeugen, hervorbringen'; genitor, -o:ris m. `Erzeuger, Vater'; genius, -i: m. `der Schutzgeist (des Mannes); die im Manne verko"rperte Kraft, Energie, Genussfa"higkeit'; geneti:vus `angeboren'; ge:ns, -tis f. `Geschlechtsverband, Sippe'; germen, -inis n. `Keim, Spross, Zweig'; genimen n. `Gewa"chs'; genus, -eris n. `Geschlecht, Abstammung, Gattung, Art und Weise'; alie:nigena m.,f. `ausla"ndisch', indigena m.,f. `einheimisch, eingeboren'; -genus (caprigenus, terrigenus etc.); malignus, benignus, pri:vignus; pl. bignae `geminae'; pro:genie:s, -e:i: f. `Abstammung, Nachkommenschaft'; genui:nus `angeboren, angestammt'; ingenuus, -a `eingeboren, heimisch'; na:scor, -i:, na:tus `geboren werden, entstehen, wachsen'; agna:sci:, agna:tus, cogna:tus, pro:gna:tus, regna:tus; (g)na:tus, -a `geboren'; na:tus, -u:s m. `Geburt'; na:tu:ra f. `Geburt, Geborensein; angeborene Beschaffenheit; Natur'
Other Italic: Osk Genetai/ `Genetrici'; Paelign. cnatois `na:ti:s'; Umbr natine `natio:ne, gente';
Celtic: OIr conj. genathar, ind. -gainethar `der geboren wird'; conj. gignithir `er werde geboren', ft. gignud, no-chon-gignethair; pf. ro-ge:nar `natus sum'; ai-cned `Natur'; ingen, ogam. inigena `Ma"dchen'; ogam. Coima-gni, ir. Coim-a:n; gein `Geburt'; Ir gni:u `ich mache, tue'; Gaul Ari-, Cintu-gna:tus; Albe-gnia; Cymr geni `geboren werden'; Bret genel `geba"ren'
Tokharian: A, B ka"n- (PT *ka"n-) 'come to pass, be realized' (Adams 160)
References: WP I 576 f
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