Author: dist (213.85.32.---)
Date: 05-11-04 17:40
Viking
[ad. ON. and Icel. vЁЄking-r (whence also Norw., Sw., Da. viking, G. wiking), = OE. wЁЄcing, OFris. witsing, wising. Cf. also ON. and Icel. vЁЄking fem., the practice of marauding or piracy.
The ON. word is commonly regarded as f. vЁЄk creek, inlet, bay, + -ingr -ING3, a viking thus being one who came out from, or frequented, inlets of the sea. The name, however, was evidently current in Anglo-Frisian from a date so early as to make its Scandinavian origin doubtful; wЁЄcingsceaa is found in Anglo-Saxon glossaries dating from the 8th century, and s-wЁЄcingas occurs in the early poem of Exodus, whereas evidence for vЁЄkingr in ON. and Icel. is doubtful before the latter part of the 10th cent. It is therefore possible that the word really originated in the Anglo-Frisian area, and was only at a later date accepted by the Scandinavian peoples; in that case it was probably formed from OE. wЁЄc camp, the formation of temporary encampments being a prominent feature of viking raids.]
1. One of those Scandinavian adventurers who practised piracy at sea, and committed depredations on land, in northern and western Europe from the eighth to the eleventh century; sometimes in general use, a warlike pirate or sea-rover.
1807 G. CHALMERS Caledonia I. III. iii. 341 At the age of fourteen, Torfin commenced his career, as a vikingr.
c1827 W. MOTHERWELL Poet. Wks. (1847) 13 It is a Vikingir Who kisses thy hand.
1838 CRICHTON Scandinavia I. 176 HЁўkon commanded the intrepid Vikingr to be put to death.
1864 [H. W. WHEELWRIGHT] Spring & Summer in Lapland i. 8 When the Ў®VikingЎЇ or pirate vessel..bore the Ў®VikingerЎЇ or dreaded sea pirate to the opposite shores of Britain.
1840 LONGFELLOW Skeleton in Armour iii, I was a Viking old! 1848 LYTTON Harold VI. v, A fleet of vikings from Norway ravaged the western coasts. 1877 BLACK Green Past. xxviii, I am already convinced that my ancestors were vikings.
1867 FREEMAN Norm. Conq. (1877) I. iv. 165 He [Rolf] is described as having been engaged in the calling of a wiking.
1868 Ibid. II. vii. 96 The wikings harried far and wide.
1883 VIGFUSSON & POWELL Corpus Poet. Bor. II. 139 The warden of the land had the heads of many Wickings (pirates) cut short with keen weapons.
1904 E. RICKERT Reaper 53 Beyond that, we were Wickings, back to the time of Odin.
2. attrib., as viking age, expedition, invader, line, ship, vessel.
1847 I. A. BLACKWELL Mallet's Northern Antiq. 86 Halfdan enriched himself by successful Viking expeditions. 1864 [see 1]. 1866 G. STEPHENS Runic Mon. I. 226 The lower compartment is a noble Wiking-ship. 1867 FREEMAN Norm. Conq. (1877) I. App. 665 He may have joined the Danes or have done anything else in the wiking line. 1881 Daily News 3 Sept. 2/2 This Viking ship, with its sepulchre chamber, in which the Viking had been buried. 1883 VIGFUSSON & POWELL Corpus Poet. Bor. I. 259 The Northmen confederates of the Wicking invaders. 1889 P. B. DU CHAILLU Viking Age I. iii. 26 We must come to the conclusion that the Ў®Viking AgeЎЇ lasted from about the second century of our era to about the middle of the twelfth.
Hence Vikingism, Vikingship, the practices or spirit of vikings.
1880 STUBBS Lect. Stud. Hist. (1886) 222 The conquest of Palestine was to Robert of Normandy..a sanctified experiment of *vikingism. 1899 SOMERVILLE & ROSS Irish R.M. 239, I prefer their total lack of interest in seafaring matters to the blatant Vikingism of the average male.
1883 G. STEPHENS Bugge's Stud. Northern Mythol. Exam. 15 *Wikingship began to be felt..as an unbearable curse.
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