Автор: Ар (---.arco.ru)
Дата: 09-09-04 13:19
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hex (v.) - 1830, from Pennsylvania Ger. hexe "to practice witchcraft," from Ger. hexen "to hex," related to Hexe "witch," from M.H.G. hecse, hexse, from O.H.G. hagazussa (see hag). Noun meaning "magic spell" is first recorded 1909.
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hag - c.1225, shortening of O.E. hжgtesse "witch, fury" (on assumption that -tesse was a suffix), from P.Gmc. *hagatusjon-, of unknown origin. Similar shortening derived Du. heks, Ger. Hexe "witch" from cognate M.Du. haghetisse, O.H.G. hagzusa. First element is probably cognate with O.E. haga "enclosure" (see hedge) . O.N. had tunriрa and O.H.G. zunritha, both lit. "hedge-rider," used of witches and ghosts. Or second element may be connected with Norw. tysja "fairy, crippled woman," Gaul. dusius "demon," Lith. dvasia "spirit," from PIE *dhewes- "to fly about, smoke, be scattered, vanish." One of the magic words for which there is no male form, suggesting its original meaning was close to "diviner, soothsayer," which were always female in northern European paganism, and hжgtesse seem at one time to have meant "woman of prophetic and oracular powers" (Жlfric uses it to render the Gk. "pythoness," the source of the Delphic oracle), a figure greatly feared and respected. Later, the word was used of village wise women. Haga is also the haw- in hawthorn, which is a central plant in northern European pagan religion. There may be several layers of folk-etymology here. If the hжgtesse was once a powerful supernatural woman (in Norse it is an alternate word for Norns, the three weird sisters, the equivalent of the Fates), it may have originally carried the hawthorn sense. Later, when the pagan magic was reduced to local scatterings, it might have had the sense of "hedge-rider," or "she who straddles the hedge," because the hedge was the boundary between the "civilized" world of the village and the wild world beyond. The hжgtesse would have a foot in each reality. Even later, when it meant the local healer and root collector, living in the open and moving from village to village, it may have had the mildly pejorative sense of hedge- in M.E. (hedge-priest, etc.), suggesting an itinerant sleeping under bushes, perhaps. The same word could have contained all three senses before being reduced to its modern one.
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hedge - O.E. hecg, originally any fence, living or artificial, from W.Gmc. *khagja (cf. M.Du. hegge, O.H.G. hegga, Ger. Hecke "hedge"), from PIE. *khagh- "to encompass, enclose" (cf. L. caulae "a sheepfold, enclosure," Gaul. caio "circumvallation," Welsh cae "fence, hedge"). Related to O.E. haga "enclosure, hedge" (see haw). Prefixed to any word, it "notes something mean, vile, of the lowest class" [Johnson], from contemptuous attributive sense of "plying one's trade under a hedge" (hedge-priest, hedge-lawyer, hedge-wench, etc.), a usage attested from c.1530. The verb sense of "dodge, evade" is first recorded 1598; that of "insure oneself against loss," as in a bet, is from 1672. Hedgehog is c.1450 (replacing O.E. igl), the second element an allusion to its pig-like snout. Hedgerow is O.E. heggerжw.
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haw - "enclosure," O.E. haga "enclosure, hedge," from P.Gmc. *khag- (cf. O.N. hagi, O.S. hago, M.Du. hage, Du. haag, as in the city name The Hague). See hag and hedge. Meaning "fruit of the hawthorn bush" (O.E.) is perhaps short for *hжgberie.
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хова/ть
"прятать, хранить", южн., зап., псковск., калужск. (Даль), укр. хова/ти, блр. хова/ць, др.-русск. ховатис "беречься, держаться" (грам. 1388 г.; см. Срезн. III, 1377), чеш. сhоvаti "таить, хранить, выхаживать", слвц. сhоvаt "выхаживать, выращивать", польск. сhоwаc/ "скрывать, хранить, кормить", в.-луж. khowac/, н.-луж. сhоwаs/.
Бернекер (I, 400) сравнивает с лит. saugu\s "осторожный", sa/ugoti, -оju "хранить, беречь". Другие более удачно сближают с д.-в.-н. scouwo^n "глядеть", греч. - "гадание по жертве"; см. Брюкнер 183; Голуб -- Копечный 142. См. чу/ю.
[Махек (Езиков. изследв. Младенов 360 и сл.) объясняет слав. хоvаti из *govati как экспрессивный вариант и сближает далее с лат. fоvеrе. -- Т.]
4,252
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дух,
род. п. ду/ха, укр. дух, род. п. ду/ху, ст.-слав. доухъ , , (Супр.), болг. дух(ъ/т), сербохорв. ду?х, род. п. ду?ха, словен. du?h, чеш. duch, польск., в.-луж., н.-луж. duch. Другая ступень чередования: до/хну/ть (*dъxno,ti). Родственно лит. dau~sos "воздух", с другой ступенью вокализма -- лит. dva~se` "дух, душа", dvesiu\, dve`~sti "дохнуть", греч. "бог" (*), "сера" (*); см. дво/хать, далее гот. dius "зверь", д.-в.-н. tior "животное" (Бернекер 1, 235; Траутман, BSW 65; Педерсен, IF 5, 33; Торп 217; Эндзелин, СБЭ 197; Буазак 339 и сл.), иначе о -- Гофман, Gr. Wb. 113.
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душа/, укр. душа/, ст.-слав. доуша , (Супр.), болг. душа/, сербохорв. ду/ша, словен. du/s^a, чеш. dus^e, слвц. dus^a, польск. dusza, в.-луж., н.-луж. dus^a. Из *duxi_a:; см. дух. Знач. душа/ "крепостной человек" калькирует ср.-греч. , ср. "рабы", буквально "души людские", Апокалипсис (см. Бауэр, Wb.); см. Ягич, AfslPh 1, 631 и сл.; Фасмер, ИОРЯС 11, 2, 392; Бернекер 1, 239. Аналогично в других языках; см. Фальк -- Торп 974. О лтш. du~s^a "физическое и душевное самочувствие" ср. М. -- Э. 1, 530.
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Алтайская этимология :
Праформа: *k`apV
Значение: to bring close, rub against
Тюркская праформа: *Kab-
Монгольская праформа: *kabi
Тунгусская праформа: *xab-
Комментарии: KW 178, 179, Цинциус 1984, 77-78. A Western isogloss.
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Сообщение отредактировано (09-сен-04 13:30)
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