Author: Ар (---.arco.ru)
Date: 09-06-04 15:25
cata- - from Gk. kata-, before vowels kat-. Its principal sense is "down," but with occasional senses of "against" or "wrongly." Also sometimes used as an intensive. Most Eng. words with this prefix were borrowed through L. after 1500; e.g. catalectic (1589) "wanting a syllable in the last foot."
catafalque - 1641, from Fr. catafalque, from It. catafalco "scaffold," from V.L. *catafalicum, from Gk. kata- "down," used in M.L. with a sense of "beside, alongside" + fala "scaffolding."
catastrophe - 1540, "reversal of what is expected" (especially a fatal turning point in a drama), from Gk. katastrephein "to overturn," from kata "down" + strephein "turn." Extension to "sudden disaster" is first recorded 1748. Catastrophism as a geological or biological theory is from 1869.
cataclysm - 1633, from Fr. cataclysme, from L. cataclysmos, from Gk. kataklysmos, from kata "down" + klyzein "to wash."
catalogue - 1460, from L.L. catalogus, from Gk. katalogos "a list, register," from kata "down, completely" + legein "to say, count." The verb is first attested 1598.
catalyst - 1902, formed in Eng. (on analogy of analyst) from Gk. kata "down" + -lysis "a loosening" (comb. form).
catapult - 1577, from L. catapulta "war machine for throwing," from Gk. katapeltes, from kata "against" + base of pallein "to toss, hurl." The verb is first recorded 1848.
cataract - 1430, from L. cataracta "waterfall," from Gk. katarhaktes "swooping, rushing down," from kata "down" + arhattein "to strike hard." Its alternate sense in L. of "portcullis" was probably passed through M.Fr. to form the Eng. meaning "eye disease" (1547), on the notion of "obstruction."
catarrh - 1398, from M.L. catarrus, from L.L. catarrhus, from Gk. katarrhous "a catarrh," lit. "a flowing down," from kata- "down" + rhein "to flow."
catatonic - 1908, from Mod.L. catatonia, replacing katatonia (1880s), which was formed directly from Gk. kata- "down" + tonos "tone
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Алтайская этимология :
Праформа: *go/du/
Значение: down, to lower
Тюркская праформа: *Kody
Монгольская праформа: *gudu-
Японская праформа: *ku/nta/-r-
Комментарии: KW 153, Владимирцов 160, 319.
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Тюркская этимология :
Праформа: *Kody
Алтайская этимология:
Значение: below, downwards
Древнетюркский: qody (Yen., OUygh.)
Караханидский: qod|y (MK, QB)
Среднетюркский: quju, qujy (MA, Бор. Бад.), quji (Pav. C., Abush.)
Турецкий: koju
Сарыюгурский: qozy, quzy, quzu
Узбекский: quji
Уйгурский: quju
Чувашский: (?) x@rl@ 'bowing the head' (KW 153)
Якутский: xotu 'downstream; North'
Долганский: kotun 'in the direction of'
Комментарии: EDT 596, VEWT 275, ЭСТЯ 6, 31-32, Stachowski 154.
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