Author: Ãîíòàðü (---.zin.ru)
Date: 02-26-04 15:46
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§¯§à §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ü§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Õ§ß§Ö§Û. §¯§Ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§Ö §³§Ú§Ò§Ú§â§Ú §Ú §ß§Ñ §¡§Ý§ñ§ã§Ü§Ö, §Ó §Ù§à§ß§Ö §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ù§Ý§à§ä§í, §å§è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ý§Ú §ä§â§å§á§í §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §ã §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§å§ã§Ü§å§Ý§Ñ§ä§å§â§í, §Ü§à§Ø§Ú §Ú §ê§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ú.[2] §±§à§Þ§Ú§Þ§à §Ú§ã§Ü§à§á§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ, §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§ã §Õ§à§ê§Ý§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §â§å§Ü§à§Û §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ ¡Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Ô§à §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ñ.
§®§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä ¡Ö §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ. §¬§à§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§à§Ó §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §£ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §¬§à§ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç, §¡§æ§à§ß§ä§à§Ó§à§Û §Ô§à§â§Ö, §¡§Ó§Õ§Ö§Ö§Ó§Ü§Ö ¡Ö §Ó §³§³§³§², §±§â§Ø§Ö§Õ§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ö ¡Ö §Ó §¹§Ö§ç§à§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ó §â§ñ§Õ§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç, §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§à§Ó§í§ç §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §é§â§Ö§Ù§Ó§í§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à. §¹§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§å§ä §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú, §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§Ò§à§Ø§Ø§Ö§ß§í.
§£§ã§Ö §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö§à§ã§á§à§â§Ú§Þ§à §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ø§Ú§Ý §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§à§Þ, §à§ç§à§ä§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Þ§ñ§ã§à §Ó §á§Ú§ë§å, §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§â§å§Õ§Ú§Û, §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§ñ§ß§à§Ü, §Ñ §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ.
§¥§à §ß§Ñ§ã §Õ§à§ê§Ý§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ, §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ (§â§Ú§ã. 1, 2). §¿§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó§í§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §Ó §Þ§ñ§Ô§Ü§à§Û §á§à§â§à§Õ§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ä§à§Ý§Ü§Ö §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â §Ú §Ô§â§à§ä§à§Ó, §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö §Ó§í§è§Ñ§â§Ñ§á§Ñ§ß§í §ß§Ñ §Ü§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú. §ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §ã§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§å§â§í, §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§ñ§Ô§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Þ§ß§ñ.
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1-4 - §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §â§Ú§ã§å§ß§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§í §¶§à§ß §Õ§Ö §¤§à§Þ ( §á§à §°§ã§Ò§à§â§ß§å), 5- §â§Ú§ã§å§ß§à§Ü §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§í §¢§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§æ§Ñ§Ý§î (§á§à §¢§â§Ö§Û§Ý§ð), 6- §â§Ú§ã§å§ß§à§Ü §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§í §§Ñ-§®§å§ä (§á§à §±§æ§Ú§è§Ö§ß§Þ§Ñ§Û§å§â§å), 7- §Ô§â§Ñ§Ó§ð§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§í §§Ñ-§®§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß §Ó§à §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Ú (§á§à §°§ã§Ò§à§â§ß§å), 8 - §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §â§Ú§ã§å§ß§à§Ü §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§í §¬§à§Þ§Ò§Ñ§â§Ö§Ý§î (§á§à §¬§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§å, §±§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§Ú §Ú §¢§â§Ö§Û§Ý§ð), 9 - §Ô§â§Ñ§Ó§ð§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ú §®§Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ñ (§á§à §³§Ý§à§Õ§Ü§Ö§Ó§Ú§é§å).
§®§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ. §®§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§Þ §è§Ö§Ý§í§Ö §ã§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§ã§Ü§à§á§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ù§å§Ò§â§Ñ, §Õ§Ú§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§ê§Ñ§Õ§Ú, §ê§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ô§à §ß§à§ã§à§â§à§Ô§Ñ, §ã§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ý§Ö§ß§ñ, §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ý§î§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ù§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§Û, §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§í§Þ§Ú. §¿§ä§à §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à §ä§à§Û §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §â§à§Ý§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ý§à §ï§ä§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Õ§à§Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ.
§±§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ú §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú. §£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ö §Þ§í §ß§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§å §Õ§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§Ù§à§â §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §®§í §ç§à§ä§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ß§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ.
§¯§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§é§Ö§ß§î §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§à§Ü §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §Ú §ä§â§å§á§à§Ó §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ù§Ý§à§ä§í, §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã §à §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§Ý§î§Ù§ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ. §¥§Ö§Ý§à §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Þ§í, §Ü §ã§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§Þ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §è§Ö§Ý§à§Ô§à, §ß§Ö§á§à§Ó§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§â§å§á§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ. §¯§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à §ã§Ú§ç §á§à§â §ä§â§å§á§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §á§à§Ó§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö §ã§ì§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §ç§Ú§ë§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §ª §ä§à §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §Ø§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ô§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ö§Ô§à §ä§â§å§á §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù-§á§à§Õ §á§à§é§Ó§í.
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1 ¡Ö §ã§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§å§â§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §±§â§Ø§Ö§Õ§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó §¹§Ö§ç§à§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ú (§Ú§Ù §¡§Ò§Ö§Ý§ñ); S ¡Ö §ã§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§å§â§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §¡§Ó§Õ§Ö§Ö§Ó§Ü§Ú (§Ú§Ù §¤§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â); §Ñ ¡Ö §ã§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§å§â§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ú §¬§à§ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú 1 (§Ú§Ù §¦§æ§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ü§à).
§¯§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§ß§à §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §ä§â§å§á §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ, §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ó 1900 §Ô. §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§å §â. §¢§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§à§Ó§Ü§Ú.[3] §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ú §å §ß§Ö§Ô§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Þ§ñ§Ô§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û §ß§Ö §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §Ü§à§Ø§Ñ §Ú §Þ§í§ê§è§í §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ö §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§í §Ú §ß§Ñ §ã§á§Ú§ß§Ö.
§¯§Ö§á§à§Ý§ß§à§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §à §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§ä§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ñ §á§å§ä§Ö§Þ §ä§ë§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ô§à. §¯§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ, §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ? §©§Ñ§á§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ö§ß§í §Ý§Ú §Ó §ß§Ú§ç §Þ§à§â§æ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ô§à? §¯§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §Ó §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú? §£§ã§Ö §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ó§í§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§î, §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä§î §Ü §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §à§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ.
§¹§ä§à§Ò§í §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §ß§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ä§î §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§ç, §Þ§à§â§æ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ß§Ñ§Þ §ç§à§â§à§ê§à §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§Ñ. §£ §ï§ä§à§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §å§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú §á§à §ã§Ö§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö, §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç, §å §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §æ§à§â§Þ§í (§ã§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§í§Û §à§Ý§Ö§ß§î, §Ý§à§ê§Ñ§Õ§î, §Ù§å§Ò§â§í §Õ§â.).
§£ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§í §ã §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú.
§²§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§í §ä§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ. §±§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §ß§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§ç: §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ. §° §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§ç §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ý§Ú§ê§î §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ã§Ü§à§á§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó.
§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §ä§â§Ú §æ§à§â§Þ§í §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§à§Ó: §Ü§â§å§á§ß§Ñ§ñ, §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§ñ§ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ñ§ñ.
§¬§â§å§á§ß§Ñ§ñ §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §à§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à, §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§Û. §£ §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ñ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à. §¨§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ý§à §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§í §Ó §ã§á§Ú§ß§Ö 3.5 §Þ.
§°§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ä§Ú§á§Ú§é§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§à§Ü. §¨§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý§à §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§å §Ó §ã§á§Ú§ß§Ö 2.9¡Ö 3.0 §Þ §å §ã§Ñ§Þ§è§à§Ó §Ú 2.6¡Ö2.8 ¡Ö §å §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ü.
§®§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú§Û (§Ü§Ñ§â§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ó§í§Û) §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä §Ó §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ñ §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à, §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§å §ã §Ü§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó §ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ü§Ö §¦§Ý§Ú§ã§Ö§Ö§Ó§Ú§é§Ú §Ó §¢§â§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú). §®§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú§Û §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§å §Ó §ã§á§Ú§ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à 2.2¡Ö2.5 §Þ.
§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à §é§â§Ö§Ù§Ó§í§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à §Ü§â§å§á§ß§à§Þ §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Þ, §ß§Ñ§Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §á§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ §ß§í§ß§Ö §Ø§Ú§Ó§å§ë§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§à§ß§à§Ó, §ß§Ö §ã§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à. §³§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ã§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§Ý§à§ß (Loxodonta africana) §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §å§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§â§å§á§ß§à§Þ§å §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§å. §³§Ñ§Þ§è§í §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§à§ß§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§í §Ó §ã§á§Ú§ß§Ö 3.5 §Þ, §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ú ¡Ö§Õ§à 3§Þ.
§³§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ã§Ý§à§ß (Elephas asiaticus) §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à. §£§í§ã§à§ä§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§è§Ñ 3.0¡Ö3.2 §Þ, §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ú ¡Ö 2.6¡Ö2.9 §Þ. §³§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §Ü§â§å§á§ß§í§Þ §Ú§Ù §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Õ§à §ã§Ú§ç §á§à§â. §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§à§ß§à§Ó §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ 45-§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ö§è §á§à §Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ü§Ö §º§Ñ§ß§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §®§à§ã§Ü§à§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§à§à§á§Ñ§â§Ü§Ñ. §±§à §ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §Ù§à§à§á§Ñ§â§Ü§Ñ §ª. §±. §³§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à, §Ó 1956 §Ô. §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§à§ß§Ñ §Ó §ã§á§Ú§ß§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ñ 3.5 §Þ. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ã§Ý§à§ß §å§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ý§Ú§ê§î §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ §Ü§â§å§á§ß§à§Û §æ§à§â§Þ§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§ä§Ñ.


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