Автор: dist (83.102.161.---)
Дата: 22-11-04 12:04
Когда просвещенная Европа ВПЕРВЫЕ узнала о кашруте?
Собственно, тогда же , когда и об ашкенази, и о сефардах - в конце 19 века.
kosher, a. (n.)
Also coshar, cosher, koscher.
[Heb. kaЋsheЋr right.]
A. adj.
a. Right, good; applied to meat and other food prepared according to the Jewish law.
1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour (1861) II. 121 The meat killed according to the Jewish law is known as ‘Coshar’.
1864 Times 4 Aug. Advt., They will be supplied with Kosher meat of the best quality.
1892 Zangwill Childr. Ghetto vi. (1893) 66 The butter and cheese were equally kosher, coming straight from Hebrew Hollanders.
1892 M. Williams Round London (1893) 107 We [Jews] get our kosher meat killed in our own way by our co-religionists according to the law of Moses.
1934 J. Brophy Waterfront i. 23 To cook food in the prescribed kosher manner.
1959 Hotel Managem. & Restaurant Trade Jrnl. Feb. 28/2 Only kosher meals are served on El Al aircraft.
1971 Guardian 14 Oct. 11/2 The artificial meat business has a very good-going trade already in Kosher bacon made from soya beans.
1973 Jewish Chron. 19 Jan. 1/5 The Kissingers will also be given kosher food.
b. Hence of shops, houses, etc., where such food is sold or used. Also kosher butcher.
1889 N. & Q. 7th Ser. VIII. 85 The defendant kept a ‘kosher’ shop.
1892 Zangwill Childr. Ghetto I. 250, I should have to keep a kosher house, or look how people would talk.
1932 Kipling Limits & Renewals 359, I had a whole tin of salmon once from a kosher butcher.
1973 Guardian 16 June 3/6 The last kosher butcher left for Israel.
c. Correct, genuine, legitimate. colloq.
1896 Farmer & Henley Slang IV. 135/1 Kosh (or Kosher)... Adj. (common).–Fair; square.
1924 Cosmopolitan Nov. 104/2 It don’t sound kosher to me!
1930 D. Runyon in Sat. Even. Post 13 Sept. 7/3 ‘Everything is very Kosher,’ Harry the Horse says. ‘You need not be afraid of anything whatever. We have a business proposition.’
1930 Amer. Mercury Dec. 456/2 Listen shamus, you got me wrong. I’m strictly kosher.
1953 H. Miller Plexus iv. 164, I made little or no effort to keep up with the others, it being no concern of mine what went on in this realm of make believe. All I felt called upon to do was to keep a straight face and pretend that everything was Kosher.
1959 C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners 80 It’s so as to play down the queer thing in our country, and hide it behind the kosher game.
Ibid. 157 It’s all very well sneering at universities..but really and truly, it would be wonderful to have a bit of kosher education.
1961 L. Gribble Wantons die Hard iv. 48 ‘No financial irregularities?’ ‘Strictly kosher... It’s so good it stinks.’
1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iii. 60 They got the contracts. All drawn up in most kosher fashion, Manfred.
1973 Jewish Chron. 8 June 22/5 As for the children of a couple married in a register office, these are quite kosher.
B. ellipt. as n. ‘Kosher’ food; also, a ‘kosher’ shop. Also, to keep kosher, to observe the Jewish law regarding diet.
1886 W. J. Tucker E. Europe 125 Would we have to feed her on ‘Koscher’?
1889 N. & Q. 7th Ser. VIII. 85 The Jews had to buy all the things they required for the Passover from a ‘kosher’.
1892 Zangwill Childr. Ghetto i. xii. (1893) 119 He was almost ashamed to ask whether he could eat Kosher there.
1963 ‘R. L. Pike’ Mute Witness vii. 119, I wouldn’t go on the stand and state that my mother kept kosher without a chance to check.
Hence
'kosher v., to prepare (food) according to Jewish ritual; also
'koshering vbl. n.;
'kosherness.
1871 E. Levy Jewish Cookery Bk. 40 Take a fresh tongue, porge and..cosher it.
1892 Zangwill Childr. Ghetto viii. (1893) 83 She..would never fail to light the Sabbath candles nor to kosher the meat.
1949 Koestler Promise & Fulfilment iii. iii. 317 Kosherness..is only one of the relatively minor rabbinical plagues in the young state.
1950 G. Mikes Milk & Honey 117 The Kosherness of a meal depends just as much on the way of cooking as on the raw material bought in the shop.
1960 Commentary June 499/2 Kashrut has survived in a mangled form... Scarcely anyone kashered the meat.
1974 Times Lit. Suppl. 31 May 592/3 What Mrs Wahlhaus has tried to do is to bring a new and more interesting approach to many traditional recipes, but without enough style or detail; she does not even explain how to kosher.
1974 W. Foley Child in Forest ii. 218 Meat was meat (until all that Koshering business of soaking it in water and salt had emasculated it).
Kashrut (kA:S"ru:t).
Also Kashres, Kashrus, Kashruth, and with lower-case initial.
[Heb., = fitness, legitimacy (in religion), f. kaЋsheЋr kosher a.]
The body of Jewish religious laws relating to the fitness of food, and also of persons and objects; the observance of these laws. Also attrib.
1907 Daily Chron. 7 Dec. 4/7 The word ‘Kashruth’..denotes the dietary laws as laid down by Moses, together with..commentaries and explanations thereof made by the Rabbis in the intervening centuries... ‘Questions of Kashruth’ concern themselves even with the utensils used in the preparation and serving of the food... [They] can only be decided by the Rabbi.
1953 Jewish Chron. Trav. Guide 12 In this group come those establishments in regard to the kashrut of which no information is to hand, or which, while not insisting on strict observance of kashrut, have a special interest for Jewish clients.
Ibid. 43 The following..are under the official supervision of the Beth Din and Kashrus Commission.
1962 New Jewish Encycl. 264 Most Jewish communities the world over set up Kashrut regulations and provide..for the supervision of the slaughtering and distribution of meat.
1970 L. M. Feinsilver Taste of Yiddish 242 Kashres, the system of kashruth observance, or ‘keeping kosher’... Though the Reform movement originally rejected the binding force of kashruth, some Reform Jews today ‘keep kosher’.
1973 Jewish Chron. 19 Jan. 8/1 The freedom and the high standards of kashrut which we in Britain enjoy should be shared equally by the Jewish communities in the rest of the EEC.
1973 Times 3 Feb. 13/4 The laws of Kashrus, which govern Jewish cooking and give us the label ‘Kosher Food’.
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Кто-то скажет - это же европейские языки.
А я отвечу - а у иудеев до 20 века и не было своего языка. Иудеи Германии говорили по-немецки (идиш), Испании - по-испански (ладино), России - по-русски.
Итак, никакого кошерного кашрута до второй половины 19 века человечество не знало.
К примеру, ничего о кошерности отродясь не слыхал Пушкин.
Несчастный.
Ничего не знал ни про Рамбама, ни про Рамбана.
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