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Талмуд –16 век!
q Talmud ("t&lm@d, t&l"mu:d). Also 6 Thalmood, 68 Thalmud.
[a. late Heb. tal'muЋd instruction (c 130 a.d.), f. laЋ'mad to instruct, teach. So med.L., F., Ger., etc. talmud.
From its primary sense of ‘teaching, instruction, learning’, the word was applied to the teaching or instruction contained in a biblical text, and to the body of traditional learning possessed by a particular Rabbi; but it came to be applied distinctively to the discussion, explanation, and illustration of the body of traditional law contained in the Mishnah, and so to the concrete collection of this teaching.]
In the wide sense, The body of Jewish civil and ceremonial traditionary law, consisting of the Mishnah or binding precepts of the elders, additional to and developed from the Pentateuch, and the later Gemara or commentary upon these, forming a complement, explanatory, illustrative, and discursive, to the Mishnah. The term was originally applied to the Gemara, of which two recensions exist, known respectively as the Jerusalem (or Palestinian) and the Babylonian Talmud; to the latter of which the name is in strictest use confined.
The precepts of the Mishnah were collected and codified about 200 a.d.; the redaction of the Jerusalem Talmud had reached almost its present form by 408a.d.; that of the Babylonian Talmud extended from 400 to 500 a.d..
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 679/2 As the Iewes had set vp a boke of their Talmud to destroye the sense of the scripture.
1580 G. Gilpin Beehive Rom. Ch. 74 The Iewes Rabbines..with their Caballa and with their Thalmood.
1636 Weemse Treat. 4 Degenerate Sons 349 They say that the text of the Scriptures is like water, and Mishna like wine, and the Talmud like spiced wine... So they compare the Law to salt, Mishna to pepper, and the Talmud to spices.
1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. v. vii. (1848) 322 He must devour the tedious and voluminous Rhapsodies that make up the Talmud, in many of which he can scarce learn any thing but the Art of saying nothing in a multitude of words.
172741 Chambers Cycl. s.v., When they [the Jews] say simply the Talmud, they always mean this [the Babylonian Talmud].
1867 Deutsch in Q. Rev. Oct., Between the rugged boulders of the law which bestrew the pass of the Talmud there grow the blue flowers of romance and poetry, in the most catholic and Eastern sense.
attrib.
1892 Zangwill Childr. Ghetto I. 123 Mr. Moggid, you’re a saint and a Talmud sage.
1612 Brerewood Lang. & Relig. 239 The Talmud and Targum..and the books of the latter rabbines.
1676 Glanvill Ess. Philos. & Relig. v. 22 ’Tis said in the Talmud, If two Rabbins differ [etc.].
Мишна – 16 век
Mishnah, Mishna ("mISn@). Also 78 misna, mischna, (pl. mischnaios).
[post-Biblical Heb. mishnaЋh, pl. mishnoЋth and mishnaЋyoЋth (1) repetition, (2) instruction, f. shaЋnaЋh to repeat, in post-Biblical Heb. to teach or learn (oral tradition).]
The collection of binding precepts or halakhoth (see Halachah) which forms the basis of the Talmud and embodies the contents of the oral law. Also, a paragraph of the mishnah.
1610 T. Fitzherbert Policy & Relig. ii. xiv. 191 The first collection was made by Iudas, the sonne of Simon,..and this was called Misna.
1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 169 The Mischnaios, and Gemara made vp the whole Talmud.
Ibid. 170 Their Mischna or Talmud text.
1723 Mather Vindic. Bible 300 The Jews affirm that the most remarkable copies of the Mischna, written in the second age after Christ, were marked with points.
176874 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 673 Drawn from the Fathers, the Councils, or the Mishna.
1867 Chamb. Encycl. IX. 281/1, 524 chapters (Perakim), which contain the single Mishnas.
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 503/2 A mishnah, if genuine, never begins with a passage of the Pentateuch.
Hence
Mishnic, -ical ("mISnIk, -Ik@l),
also Mishnaic (mIS"neIIk), † 'Misniac, -acal adjs., pertaining or relating to, characteristic of, the mishnah.
1718 Prideaux Old & New Test. ii. ii. 67 The Tanaim or the Mishnical doctors.
1723 Mather Vindic. Bible 301 Ephodeus assures us that all the ancient Misniack books were pointed.
Ibid. 362 After these let the Misniacal Doctors be considered.
1867 Chamb. Encycl. IX. 281/1 The individual enactments of the Mishnic doctors.
1898 Expositor July 77 Very late Biblical or even Mishnic Hebrew.
1878 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 561/1 The Mishnaic usage.
1953 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. IV. 7 St. Mark is an apocalyptic, St. Matthew is a mishnaic writer.
1973 Jewish Chron. 2 Feb. 22/4 The Amoraim (‘interpreters’), the post-Mishnaic teachers in the great schools of Palestine..and Babylon.
Halachah, Halakah (h@"lA:k@). Also halacha, -aka. – 19 век!
[Heb. haЏlaЋkaЋh (pl. haЏlaЋkoЋth) that which one walks by, f. haЋlak to walk.]
A legal decision regarding a matter or case for which there is no direct enactment in the Mosaic law, deduced by analogy from this law or from the Scriptures, and included as a binding precept in the Mishna.
1856 Etheridge Jerus. & Tiberias 182 Hilkatha, or Halaka, the ultimate conclusion on a matter debated; henceforth constituting a rule of conduct; from halak, ‘to walk’.
1881 W. R. Smith Old Test. in Jew. Ch. iii. 13 Halacha was legal teaching, systematized legal precept.
1882 Farrar Early Chr. I. 555 He was met by Rabbi Eliezer in the street of Sepphoris, and gave to the Rabbi a Halacha, or legal decision, which pleased him, on Deut. xxiii. 19.
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