Автор: dist (213.85.32.---)
Дата: 27-02-04 14:22
Гарем
harem, haram ("hE@r@m). Also 7 haramm, 8 harram (hA:"r&m); 9 hareem, harЂЋm (hA:"ri:m).
[a. Arab. hљaram, and hљarЂЋm lit. (that which is) prohibited or unlawful, that which a man defends and fights for, as his family, a sacred place, sanctuary, enclosure; the women’s part of the house; wives, women; from hљarama to prohibit, forbid, make unlawful. The two Arabic words are practically synonymous, esp. in countries where Arabic is not the vernacular. From the first come the earlier Eng. haram and harem; from the second the later harim, hareem; see also sense 3.]
1. a. The part of a Muslim dwelling-house appropriated to the women, constructed so as to secure the utmost seclusion and privacy; called also seraglio, and in Persia and India zenana.
1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 62 He has three hundred women in his Seraglio (called here Haram).
Ibid. 148 The other women belonging to Seraglioes or Haramms, live discontented.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 132 The Governor sent for me to visit his Lady in the Haram.
Meккa – первые упоминания
1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 223 All the Spices and drugs that are brought to Mecca, are stollen from thence as Contrabanda.
1788 Gibbon Decl. & F. l. (1790) IX. 227 [Mecca] was known to the Greeks under the name of Macoraba;..the termination of the word is expressive of its greatness.
Хадж
q hadj (hadZ, hA:dZ). Also 8 hagge, 20 haj, hajj.
[Arab. hљajj.]
A pilgrimage to Mecca. Also transf.
1704 J. Pitts Acc. Mahometans vii. (1736) 218 Be sure to perform the Al hage, or el Hagge, i.e. the Pilgrimage to Mecca.
1847 Disraeli Tancred iv. v, Who..could come cringing to El Sham to ask for the contract of the Hadj.
q hadji, hajji ("hadZi, "hA:dZi:). Also 7 hagee, haggi, (al)hage, (hatzi), hodge(e, hoggie, -ei, -oi, hogi(e, (hugie), 79 hadgy, 8 hadgee, hagge, hahdgee, 9 hodgee, haji.
[Arab. hљaЋjЂЋ pilgrim: see hadj.]
a. The title given to one who has made the greater pilgrimage (on the 8th to 10th day of the 12th month of the Muslim year) to Mecca.
[1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay’s Voy. iii. xxi. 110 Of the Pilgrims of Mecqua by the Turks called Hagislars.]
1612 T. Lavender Trav. 4 Englishm. 81 They that haue been there [Mecca] but once, are allwaies after called Hogies.
1683 T. Smith Acc. Prusa in Misc. Cur. (1708) III, The Haggi, or Pilgrims, that have been at Mecca and Medina, forbear to drink Wine most Religiously.
Мирза
q mirza ("mirza:), n. Also 7 mirzey, mursi, 78 murza, 89 meerza, 8 myrza.
[Pers. mirzaЋ, mЂЋrzaЋ, short for mЂЋrzaЋd, f. mЂЋr (a. Arab. amЂЋr: see ameer, emir) a prince + zaЋd born.]
In Persia:
a. A royal prince; as a title, it is placed after the name.
b. The common title of honour prefixed to the name of an official or a man of learning.
1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 422 These Nagayans have their divers hords subject to their severall Dukes whom they call Murzes.
1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 70 The Persian Prince, hunted him backe againe, not daring to abide a Combat with that happy Mirza.
Минарет
minaret ("mIn@rIt). Forms: a. 7 minoret, 8 minarat, mineret, 9 menaret, 7 minaret; b. 89 minaree, minareh, menareh.
[a. Arab. manaЋrah, manaЋrat (in Turkish pronunciation minaЋre), f. root of naЋr fire: cf. minar. The immediate source may be F. minaret; cf. Sp. minarete, Pg. minareto, It. minaretto.]
A tall slender tower or turret, connected with a mosque, surrounded by one or more projecting balconies from which the muezzin calls the people to prayer.
a.1682 Wheler Journ. Greece v. 364 They have built a Minoret, or tall, slender Steeple; out of which they make a Noise, to call People together, at their set times of Prayer.
1695 Motteux Saint-Olon’s Morocco 72 Two Mosques, whose Minarets are of a considerable height.
Мечеть (храм Моисея=Мусы ~~~> Мосеак)
mosque (mQsk). Forms: 4 moseak, moseache; 6 muskey, muskaye, 67 mosquee, 7 moschy, -ee, -ie, -ey, muskie, mos’keh, moskuee, moski(e, -ee, mosquy, mozki, 7 mosquey; 67 moschea, 7 muskia; 7 mosquo, mosco, moscho; 7 moseque, 78 mosch(e, 89 mosk, 6 mosque.
[In 16th c. mosquee (later shortened to mosque), a. F. mosquйe, a. It. moschea (whence G. moschee), a. Arab. masgid (so pronounced in N. Africa; elsewhere masjid), f. sagada (sajada) to worship.
Cf. early mod.F. mosquete, Sp. mezquita, Pg. mesquita, It. meschita (see mesquita1). Eng. writers have occas. used forms directly taken from Arabic, as masjid, mosged, muschid. Some of the forms above are from Italian; the precise history of the forms in Mandeville is obscure.]
1. A Muslim temple or place of worship.
c1400 Mandeville (Roxb.) xxv. 114 юaire tempill, Юe whilk es called Moseak [ed. 1839 xxii. 232 Moseache].
1511 Guylforde’s Pilgr. (Camden) 50 The Sarrasyns wyll suffre no man to come into this place..bycause it is theyr muskey.
1544 in Lett. & Pap. Hen. VIII, XIX. ii. 452 [The Turk made offers in his] muskaye.
1551 Thomas tr. Barbaro’s Trav. Persia (1873) 10 He..was lodged in an auncient Moschea.
1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay’s Voy. i. xii. 13 b, A ver
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