Автор: dist (213.85.32.---)
Дата: 12-01-04 13:51
Доказываю.
Авиценна, Канон, Книга III, том первый, с.428:
Целью дыхания является наполнение легких прохладным воздухом, чтобы запасти его для биения сердца. Сердце непрерывно берет из легких холодный воздух и возвращает туда дымный пар, так что с вдыхаемым воздухом происходит две вещи: во-первых, он перестает быть холодным, ибо нагревается тем, что с ним соседствует и к нему примешивается, во-вторых, изменяется его прозрачность вследствие примеси дымного пара.
Итак, сердце считалось не кровеносным органом, а вместилищем души (пневмы, сердечного духа, cordial spirit, vital spirit – особенно часто в 16 веке!, (a. vital spirit, spirits. Cf. spirit n. 16. Obs. Freq. in the 16th c., chiefly in pl.) vital air, vital fluid, vital flame, flamma vitalis, живительный дух, живительная сила, живительный огонь, дымный пар).
Вот еще набор цитат:
artery, n. Forms: a. 46 arterie, 6 artery; also b. 6 arter(e, 67 arture, artier, 7 arteir, -ir, -ire.
[ad. L. arteЋria, a. Gr. 2qsgqa, prob. f. a°q-eim to raise, lift up (cf. aorta), but referred by some of the ancients to 2–q ‘air,’ in accordance with their idea of arterial functions: see below. The parallel forms b. from F. artиre were common in 1617th c.]
† 1. The trachea or windpipe. (Called in L. arteria aspera, from the rough surface presented by its cartilaginous rings.) Obs.
1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 93 That pipe which is called the rough artery or wind-pipe.
1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 522 The artery of his voice is pressed, and so he cannot cry aloud.
1626 Bacon Sylva §199 [The Lungs] expelleth the air: which through the Artire, throat and mouth, maketh the voice.
2. a. One of the membranous, elastic, pulsating tubes, forming part of the system of vessels by which the blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.
Among the ancients, the arteries, as they do not contain any blood after death, were popularly regarded as air-ducts, ramifying from the trachea; see prec. sense. Mediaeval writers supposed them to contain an ethereal fluid quite distinct from that in the veins, called ‘vital spirits’ (cf. animal spirits), an error which, after Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood, only gradually died out.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. lxi. (1495) 177 A veyne callid Arteria..to bere and brynge kindely heete from the herte to al the membres..
1519 W. Horman Vulg. 27 b, The arter strynge is the condyte of the lyfe sprite.
1533 Elyot Cast. Helth 12 Spirit vitall procedeth from the harte, and by the arteries or pulses is sente into all the body.
1606 L. Bryskett Civ. Life 48 The heart, wherein all the vitall spirits are forged, and receiue their strength.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. ii. iii. 16 Arteries are long and hollow, with a double skin to convey the vital spirits.
1626 Bacon Sylva §30 As for liuing creatures it is certaine, their Vital Spiritts are a Substaunce Compounded of an Airy and Flamy Matter.
Сердце – вообще считалось вместилищем души, а не крови!
1635 Sanderson Serm. II. 306 The heart..is..very often in Scripture..taken more largely, so as to comprehend the whole soul, in all its faculties, as well the apprehensive as the appetitive; and consequently taketh in the thoughts, as well as the desires, of the soul.
Итак, сердце качает пневму, а печень - кровь.
Впрочем, это знает ЛЮБОЙ, кто мало-мальски знаком с историей медицины и революционным открытием Гарвея 1628 года, доказавшего, что сердце качает кровь.
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